文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：汉英处所主语句的句法语义对比研究

英文题名：A Contrastive Study of the Syntax and Semantics of Chinese and English Locative Subject Sentences

作者：齐春平[1]

第一作者：齐春平

机构：[1]北京联合大学生物化学工程学院,北京100023

第一机构：北京联合大学生物化学工程学院

年份：2020

卷号：0

期号：1

起止页码：20-30

中文期刊名：外语与外语教学

外文期刊名：Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSSCI:【CSSCI2019_2020】；

基金：国家社科基金重点项目“英汉时空性特质差异与英汉二语习得的关系研究”(项目编号:18AYY003)的阶段性成果.

语种：中文

中文关键词：处所主语句;汉英对比;句法;语义;认知语言学

外文关键词：locative subject sentences;a contrastive study of Chinese and English;syntax;semantics;cognitive linguistics

摘要：学界对汉语和英语处所主语句的句法语义特征已有一些研究,但汉英处所主语句的对比研究却至今鲜有。本文从认知语言学角度对汉英处所主语句在句子构式层面及其内部组成成分层面进行句法语义对比考察,旨在探究汉英语处所主语句的异同,并借此透视汉英语言的本质性差异。研究发现主要有四:1)汉英处所主语句语义特征都有"处所特性’,都可表处所充盈义;2)汉语处所主语句语义包容度远大于英语;3)汉语处所主语远比英语发达,就容器图式激活能力而言,汉语处所主语表现出自主性,而英语表现出依存性;4)汉语宾语在句法语义上享有中心地位,而英语谓语动词享有中心地位,宾语处于边缘地位,仅表示使处所具有某种特性的手段。结论:汉英处所主语句所表现的差异最终可归结于汉语空间性特质与英语时间性特质之间的根性差异。
Although some research has been respectively conducted on the syntactic and semantic features of Chinese and English locative subject sentences,little research to date has been done on the contrastive study of these sentences between the two languages.This paper intends to make a contrastive analysis of the locative subject sentences between the Chinese and English languages in terms of their syntax and semantics at the levels of the construction and its component structures from the perspective of cognitive linguistics to probe into the similarities and differences and to reveal their fundamental differences.It is found that 1)both Chinese and English locative subject sentences have the semantic feature of’location property’and both can indicate the meaning of abundance;2)the semantic tolerance of Chinese locative subject constructions is much greater than that of English;3)Chinese locative subjects are much more developed than those of English and show autonomy in terms of their abilities in container-schema activation,while those of English demonstrate dependency;4)the objects of Chinese locative subject sentences enjoy a central position,while their English counterparts are in a peripheral position only demonstrating a means by which the location possesses some property and instead,the verbs enjoy a central position.It is thus concluded that such differences can be attributed to the crucial discrepancy between the spatiality of Chinese and the temporality of English.