文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：质量表征和眼动过度追踪对表征动量的影响

英文题名：The Effect of Mass Representation and Oculomotor Overshoot on “Representational Momentum”

作者：王向博[1];代小东[1,2];丁锦红[1]

第一作者：王向博

机构：[1]北京市"学习与认知"重点实验室,首都师范大学心理系;[2]北京联合大学师范学院

第一机构：北京市"学习与认知"重点实验室,首都师范大学心理系,北京100048

年份：2012

卷号：44

期号：7

起止页码：896-909

中文期刊名：心理学报

外文期刊名：Acta Psychologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2011】；CSSCI:【CSSCI2012_2013】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；PubMed;

基金：国家自然科学基金(30970891);教育部高校博士点基金(20091108110001)资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：表征;动量;眼动;眼动过度追踪

外文关键词：representation; momentum; eye movements; oculomotor overshoot

摘要：人们对运动目标最终位置的记忆常常会向运动方向发生偏移,这种偏移被称为"表征动量"。现有研究对表征动量的解释涉及从低水平的知觉加工到高水平的认知加工等多个方面。本研究采用不同材质和滚动声音的球体作为刺激材料,考察高水平的质量表征对表征动量的影响以及知觉水平的眼动信息在其中的作用。实验1探讨了对目标质量的主观表征对眼动追踪和表征动量的影响。结果显示,质量表征会同时影响眼动追踪和表征动量。实验2通过不同的提示线索控制眼动追踪,进一步探讨眼动过度追踪对表征动量的影响。我们发现,非自然追踪的条件下,表征动量会减小,且质量表征对表征动量的影响不再显著。本研究结果表明,高水平的质量表征对表征动量的影响会通过知觉水平的眼动过度追踪起作用;然而,表征动量还受其它因素影响,眼动信息并非决定表征动量的唯一因素。
Analogous to the physical momentum of objects in the real-world, visual memory for the final position of a moving target is usually displaced along its trajectory. Such displacement is referred to representational momentum. Several different approaches have been applied to interpret the representational momentum, which range from low-level perceptual processing to high-level cognitive mechanisms （Hubbard, 2010）. An early approach tried to explain the displacement effect by cognitive factors dealing with principles of ＂internalized dynamics＂. In addition to this cognitive approach, ＂low-level＂ explanations of representational momentum also have been proposed, suggesting that sensory factors play a decisive role. In particular, one plausible interpretation attributes the displacement effect to oculomotor action. In addition, it is possible that high-level information regarding physical principles contribute to the displacement by modulating eye movements （Hubbard, 2006b）. We hypothesize that if eye movements modulate or mediate the effects of such information on displacement, disrupting normal eye movement would interrupt the effective information. In the current study, three types of 3D balls （made of paper, wood or stone） rolled from left or right sides accompanied by sound corresponding to the ball material. In Experiment 1, subjects （22 college students） were instructed to indicate the stop position of the ball by pressing a button after tracking its movement for 1037ms and disappeared about 350ms. In Experiment 2, subjects （19 college students） were asked either to pursue the moving target until it disappeared or to track it till it stopped at the center of screen indicating by a ~＇＋＂. The other procedures are similar to the Experiment 1. The subjects＇ eye positions in both experiments were recorded by SMI Hi-Speed eye tracking system with sampling rate of 350Hz. In Experiment 1, the forward shift in the direction of motion of the stone ball was larger than those of the wooden and paper balls＇. There was a significant difference between the forward shift of the stone ball and wooden or paper ball. In addition, the oculomotor overshoot velocity of the stone ball was significantly faster than other two lighter balls＇. In Experiment 2, when the oculomotor behavior was controlled, the forward shift in the trajectory and the oculomotor overshoot velocity were reduced compared to those in the eye tracking condition. The present findings revealed that high-level cognitive factors （mass representation） modulate both oculomotor behavior and representational momentum. Meanwhile, representational momentum is also influenced by oculomotor overshoot. Our results suggest that high-level cognitive factors （mass representation） influence representational momentum by oculomotor-related information. Yet, representational momentum is also affected by many other factors. Our study provides new evidence that perceptual factor （oculomotor information） is not the only way to produce representational momentum.