文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：中国旅行社业依然“小散弱差”吗?——中国旅行社业的产业组织结构与绩效再探讨

英文题名：Is China's Travel Industry Still“Small in Size, Loose in Structure, Weak in Power and Lousy in Capacity”? Study on Industrial Organization Structure and Performance of China Travel Agency Industry

作者：戴学锋[1];庞世明[2]

第一作者：戴学锋

机构：[1]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院;[2]北京联合大学旅游学院

第一机构：中国社会科学院财经战略研究院,北京100028

年份：2018

卷号：33

期号：11

起止页码：48-55

中文期刊名：旅游学刊

外文期刊名：Tourism Tribune

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；社科基金资助期刊;CSSCI:【CSSCI2017_2018】；

语种：中文

中文关键词：旅行社业;小散弱差;新结构经济学

外文关键词：travel agency industry;"small in size,loose in structure,weak in power and lousy in capacity";new structural economics

摘要：改革开放以来,中国旅游业一直保持高速增长的态势。但是,中国旅行社业作为旅游业中的重要行业,长期被业内人士和专家学者称为"小散弱差"。文章在文献回顾的基础上,运用新结构经济学,对旅行社业"小散弱差"的原因提出了新的假说,即中国较长时期劳动力相对丰裕的要素禀赋结构决定了旅行社业的劳动密集型特征,而劳动密集型产业体现出低集中度的产业组织结构,不同规模的旅行社平均成本相差不大,规模经济难以实现。随后,文章利用北京市旅行社业的微观企业数据对假说的推论进行验证。随着经济的增长、资本的积累和技术的进步,中国旅行社业近年来取得了长足的发展,无论从整体规模还是单体质量来说,已经逐渐接近并达到西方发达国家水平。因此,文章认为,中国旅行社业不应再被称为"小散弱差"了。
Since the reform and opening up policy,China's tourism industry has maintained a rapid growth pace.However,as an important industry in the tourism industry,China's travel agency industry has long been called "small in size,loose in structure,weak in power and lousy in capacity"by industry stuff and experts.On the basis of literature review,this paper applies the new structural economics to propose a new hypothesis on the cause of "small in size,loose in structure,weak in power and lousy in capacity"in the travel agency industry.The reason is,for a long time after China's reform and opening up,the endowment structure characterized by the abundant labor force determines the labor-intensive industrial characteristics of travel agencies.Labor-intensive industry reflects a loose industrial organization structure.The average costs of travel agencies of different sizes have no significant difference,resulting in the failure of economies of scale.The inference of the hypothesis is that as the regional factor endowment structure changes to the capital and technology abundance,the scale of the travel agency in the industry will show a negative correlation with the intensity of the labor factor in the enterprise.As time goes on,the concentration of the travel agency industry will keep increasing.This article using the micro enterprise of the Beijing travel agency data,carried on the empirical work at three levels:first,set up two regression models,choosing travel agency's per capita net value of fixed assets and per capita labor productivity as the dependent variable,on behalf of the intensive factors of each enterprise in the industry characteristics,both the higher the value,the more enterprises to the capital and technology intensive,the lower the value,the more labor intensive of the enterprise is.Meanwhile,the total assets of the enterprise are taken as independent variables to represent the scale of the enterprise.The relationship between enterprise scale and factor richness and density is tested.Secondly,the travel agencies in Beijing are divided into three types:large,medium and small sizes,and the economies of scale of enterprises are determined by several key financial indicators and the traditional Dupont analysis system.Thirdly,the concentration degree of travel agencies in Beijing in recent years is measured respectively by the operating income and total assets as indicators,and the rising trend is found.Further analysis shows that with the growth of China's economy,the accumulation of capital and the progress of technology,China's travel agency industry has been expanding and the enterprise strength has been increasing gradually.Whether in terms of overall size or quality,it has gradually approached and reached the level of western developed countries.In terms of exchange rate,the revenue of China's travel agency industry surpassed that of Japan in 2015,reaching 2.2times of that of Germany.From the perspective of development trend, Chinese travel agencies are still in the path of fast-growing,while the Japanese travel agency industry is stagnant,and the German travel agency industry is slowing down.Therefore,this paper reached the conclusion that China's travel agency industry should no longer be called "small in size,loose in structure,weak in power and lousy in capacity".