文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：“常”字本用辨

英文题名：Textual Research on the Original Use of the Character Chang(常)

作者：纪凌云[1,2]

第一作者：纪凌云

机构：[1]北京联合大学应用文理学院;[2]北京师范大学文学院

第一机构：北京联合大学应用文理学院

年份：2020

期号：1

起止页码：73-85

中文期刊名：汉字汉语研究

外文期刊名：The Study Of Chinese Characters And Language

收录：国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库

语种：中文

中文关键词：常;裳;下裙;旌旗;天子之旗

外文关键词：chang(常);chang(裳);skirt;banner;the fl ag of the emperor

摘要：本文以出土文献为主,传世文献为辅,从汉字字形和词义系统角度论证了“常”字的最初本用既不是下裙,也不是旌旗,而应是天子之旗。旌旗义只是最初本用的延伸;下裙义也是本用,但语符与字符“常”的结合要晚于天子之旗,因此称作后出本用。出土文献中“常”字出现于春秋中期,“裳”字出现于战国中期或晚期,均早于目前已有的说法。从二字产生的时间和使用上看,“裳”字为“常”字的职能分化字。
This paper,mainly based on the unearthed documents and assisted by the handed-down documents,demonstrates that the original use of chang(常)is neither a skirt nor a banner,but the fl ag of the emperor from the perspectives of Chinese character font and word meaning system.The meaning of banner is only the extension of the original use.Although the meaning of skirt is also the original use,the combination of language symbol and character chang(常)is later than the fl ag of the emperor,so it is called the subsequent original use.In the unearthed documents,the character chang(常)appeared in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period,and chang(裳)appeared in the middle or late stage of the Warring States Period,both earlier than the existing saying.In terms of the time of coming into being and the usage of these two characters,chang(裳)is a functional diff erentiation of chang(常).