文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：城市居民出行的空气污染暴露测度及其影响机制——北京市郊区社区的案例分析

英文题名：Measurement of residents' daily travel air pollution exposure and its mechanism: A case study of suburban communities in Beijing

作者：郭文伯[1];张艳[2];柴彦威[1]

第一作者：郭文伯

机构：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院;[2]北京联合大学北京学研究所

第一机构：北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

年份：2015

卷号：34

期号：7

起止页码：1310-1318

中文期刊名：地理研究

外文期刊名：Geographical Research

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2015_2016】；CSSCI:【CSSCI2014_2016】；

基金：国家自然科学基金项目(41228001;41301174);北京市社会科学基金项目(13JDCSC011)

语种：中文

中文关键词：出行;空气污染暴露;健康;时间地理学;北京

外文关键词：human mobility; air pollution exposure; health; time geography; Beijing

摘要：利用2010年北京两个典型郊区社区(天通苑、亦庄)居民出行的GPS数据与活动日志调查数据,测度了不同交通方式环境下居民每日出行过程中PM2.5和CO空气污染暴露度,并分析了不同人群PM2.5和CO空气污染暴露度的差异性,进而构建结构方程模型分析郊区社区居民PM2.5和CO空气污染暴露度的影响因素。研究表明:1机动化出行率对空气污染暴露程度的直接影响最大,其次是出行次数与出行时间,即机动化出行率越大,出行次数越多、出行时间越长空污染暴露程度越高;机动化出行率通过影响出行时间和出行次数间接影响空气污染暴露度;职住距离对居民空气污染暴露度也存在影响,职住分离程度越高空气污染暴露度越高,职住距离通过增加出行时间进而增加空气污染暴露度。2不同社会经济属性群体的出行空气污染暴露度存在一定差异性,中等收入群体显著高于低收入群体和高收入群体,租房者显著低于购房者;未婚群体的PM2.5污染暴露度显著高于已婚群体,驾照持有群体的CO污染暴露度高于无驾照群体。
The issue of health has drawn extensive attention from many fields, and environmental pollution exposure is one of the newest hot topics of human mobility and health researches. Using activity- travel diary data of 2010 website- based and GPS- enabled travel survey in Beijing suburban areas（Tiantongyuan and Yizhuang） and air pollution（PM2.5and CO） intensity data within micro travel environment of the same period, this paper measures residents＇ daily travel air pollution exposure and compares the difference of residents＇ daily travel air exposure between different groups（gender, age, income, car ownership, etc.） through Analysis of Variance（ANOVA）. Furthermore, Structural Equation Model（SEM） was used to explore the mechanism of residents＇ daily travel air pollution exposure. The results indicate that the mid- income group suffers the highest PM2.5and CO exposure per day, while the highincome group suffers the lowest amount; the tenants experience lower air pollution exposure both at PM2.5and CO than house owners; the unmarried suffer higher level of PM2.5exposure per day than the married; driving license holders expose to higher level of CO exposure per day than those who have no driving license. This offers an insight into health inequity and social justice. To explore the mechanism, we invite the endogenous variables including motorized travel rate, travel duration, travel times, commuting distance, and the exogenous variables such as residents＇ social- economic attribute. It is found that the motorized travel rate significantly determines the travel duration and times, and the commuting distance is positively correlated with travel duration and times. High motorized travel rate and the commuting distance enhance the air pollution exposure to PM2.5and CO. The exogenous variable of ＂whether there is a child under 18 at home＂ contributes positively to residents＇ daily travel exposure to PM2.5and CO.Car ownership and possession of license card are highly correlated with the motorized travel rate, and further influence the air pollution exposure; residents＇ income level contributes significantly to PM2.5exposure, and the education level contributes significantly to CO exposure. Research prospects and drawbacks are discussed in the last section. Healthy urban planning and management should be encouraged as well as the guidance of healthy life style, to improve residents＇ health level and to promote health equity.