文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：棉粕固态发酵降低游离棉酚的机理及其对肉鸡生长性能的影响

英文题名：Mechanism of Solid State Fermentation in Reducing Free Gossypol in Cottonseed Meal and the Effects on the Growth of Broiler Chickens

作者：赵洁羽[1];梅佳佳[1];秦菲[1];魏涛[1]

第一作者：ZHAO Jie-yu

机构：[1]北京联合大学生物化学工程学院,北京100191

第一机构：北京联合大学生物化学工程学院

年份：2022

卷号：23

期号：1

起止页码：17-23

中文期刊名：农业科学与技术：英文版

外文期刊名：Agricultural Science & Technology

基金：Supported by the Academic Research Projects of Beijing Union University (ZK30202104, ZK20202101)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：棉粕;固态发酵;游离棉酚;枯草芽孢杆菌;机理

外文关键词：Cottonseed meal;Solid state fermentation;Free gossypol;Bacillus subtilis;Mechanism

摘要：[目的]通过固态发酵的方法降低棉粕中的游离棉酚,提高棉粕利用率。[方法]利用枯草芽孢杆菌GJ00141和酿酒酵母GJ00079对棉粕进行固态发酵,对碳源、氮源、无机盐、含水量、接种量、发酵温度、时间等进行单因素优化,以棉酚为底物检测GJ00141不同组分的脱毒效果,将90只1天龄肉鸡随机分为三个组(对照组饲喂含36%豆粕的基础饲粮,一个实验组饲喂含18%豆粕和18%棉粕的基础饲粮,另一个实验组喂含18%豆粕和18%发酵棉粕的基础饲粮),评价发酵棉粕饲喂肉鸡检测饲料利用效果。[结果]当固态发酵培养基中含有96%棉粕、1%葡萄糖、1%硫酸铵和2%玉米粉,含水量为45%,接种量为20%时,在30℃下发酵60 h,棉酚脱除率最高可达59%。枯草芽孢杆菌GJ00141的活细胞和灭活细胞均能降低棉酚含量,但孵育72 h后脱毒率仅为20%左右,细胞内容物和发酵上清液具有较好的脱毒作用,孵育48 h后脱毒率为95%左右,而蛋白酶K、热或EDTA处理对脱毒效果几乎没有影响。在肉鸡饲喂试验期42 d内,饲喂发酵棉粕组的料重比与对照组相比无显著差异。[结论]该棉粕脱毒方法脱毒率高,可能是通过细胞内容物和发酵上清中一些性质稳定的化合物吸附和结合游离棉酚进而发挥作用,动物饲喂利用效果好,是一种有效的棉粕脱毒方法。
[Objective] This study aims to reduce the free gossypol(FG) and improve utilization rate of cottonseed meal(CSM) by solid state fermentation(SSF). [Method]Bacillus subtilis GJ00141 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae GJ00079 were applied for the SSF and the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt, moisture content, inoculum level, fermentation temperature, and fermentation time were investigated. The detoxifying effects of different products of GJ00141 were examined with gossypol as substrate. A total of 90 one-day-old broilers were randomized into group A [control, basal diet with 36% soybean meal(SM)], group B(basal diet with 18% SM and 18% CSM), and group C [basal diet with 18% SM and 18% fermented CSM(FCSM)] and thereby the influence of FCSM on the growth of broilers was explored. [Results] The maximum reduction rate(59%) of FG was achieved under the following fermentation conditions: solid medium composed of 96% CSM, 1%glucose, 1% ammonium sulfate, and 2% corn grits, 45% moisture content, 20%inoculum, fermentation at 30 °C for 60 h. Both the viable and inactivated cells of GJ00141 can reduce the content of gossypol, but the reduction rates were only about 20% after 72 h of incubation. Cellular contents and supernatant demonstrated strong detoxifying activity, which achieved the reduction rates of about 95% after 48 h, and the removal was free from the influence of proteinase K, heat, or EDTA. In the 42 d feeding experiment on broilers, the ratios of feed to gain were insignificantly different between the group C and group A. [Conclusion] This method achieved high rate of removing FG in CSM. The reason was the likelihood that the stable compounds in the cellular contents and supernatant of GJ00141 adsorb or bind to FG. Broilers grew well with the FCSM. Thus, it was an efficient detoxifying method for CSM.