文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：西湖模式的意义及其对中国遗产旅游经济学的启示

英文题名：The Significance of the West Lake Pattern and Its Heuristic Implications for Creating China's Heritage Tourism Economics

作者：徐嵩龄[1];刘宇[2];钱薏红[1];汪秋菊[2]

第一作者：徐嵩龄

机构：[1]中国社会科学院环境与发展研究中心;[2]北京联合大学旅游学院

第一机构：中国社会科学院环境与发展研究中心,北京100732

年份：2013

期号：2

起止页码：23-34

中文期刊名：旅游学刊

外文期刊名：Tourism Tribune

收录：人大复印报刊资料;CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;社科基金资助期刊;CSSCI:【CSSCI2012_2013】；

语种：中文

中文关键词：西湖模式;遗产旅游;非营利性;遗产保护;旅游经济学教科书;遗产旅游经济学

外文关键词：heritage conservation; heritage tourism; tourist economy; tourism economics textbooks; West Lake Pattern

摘要：文章首先分析西湖模式的制度内核及其6项意义,并与黄山模式详细比较,从而表明西湖模式基本正确处理遗产保护与旅游利用,公益性经营与营利性特许经营,政府—企业—社区、政府—企业—游客等关系,比较全面展现其经济、社会、文化和遗产保护以及政治的正面影响。其次,提炼西湖模式具有普适意义的三点启示,即制度平台选择的基础重要性,遗产服务的非营利性经营与遗产原真性和完整性保护原则,现时旅游经济学教科书用于指导中国遗产旅游的诸多缺失。这些缺失主要表现为:未能区别遗产与非遗产类旅游资源,未能接纳遗产的特殊产权性质,未能认识遗产保护的独特要求以及独特的可持续性理解,使得教科书难以正确处理门票、供需、游客权益以及旅游收益分配等问题。最后,提出创建中国遗产旅游经济学的概念性框架:①遗产旅游经济学的观念、概念和方法,应能与遗产经济学、文化经济学和旅游经济学"无缝对接";②对遗产地的遗产类资源与非遗产类资源给予有区别的恰当的旅游经济学处理;③在遵循遗产经济学和遗产保护原则基础上,重新处理遗产旅游涉及的各项问题。
West Lake,one of China＇s world heritage sites,lies in the metropolis of Hangzhou,the capital of Zhejiang Province in eastern China.Its tourism industry is referred to as the West Lake Pattern（WLP） by the Chinese travel industry because of its excellence performance as a tourist attraction.The WLP＇s institutional issues and its significance to China＇s heritage tourism are first analyzed and then discussed.The WLP is based on the concepts of one ＂free＂ and four ＂no＇s＂,in line with a basic Chinese concept of using numbers to characterize a general set of ideas.That is,the area is open and free to the public,with no increase in ticket prices,no transfer and rent for heritage-related land use,no disturbance of cultural properties,no occupation of public resources and properties,where the institutional core is free and open to the public;in essence,it is a public-oriented and non-profit-oriented heritage services supply system.The WLP＇s economic,social and cultural significance includes six facets： 1） making the West Lake world heritage site serve as a global common and provide universally accessible tourist opportunities;2） ensuring the planning,management and tourism marketing of West Lake are culturally oriented rather than purely economically oriented and therefore truly benefit the preservation and conservation of West Lake;3） selectively decreasing and mitigating the tourism pressure on West Lake,especially in those areas of highly cultural,ecological and environmental vulnerability;4） ensuring travelers return to the appropriate values of tourism and enjoy a healthy tourism-style experience;5） making the marketing of West Lake tourism and the distribution of incomes comply with legal,reasonable and appropriate standards;6） expanding and extending the social benefits of West Lake tourism.Also,a comprehensive comparison is made between the West Lake and Mt.Huangshan management schemes,which demonstrates a number of fundamental and institutional relationships involving tourism at heritage sites that are correctly handled using the methods and principles used by the WLP.The relationships are between heritage protection and travel,between public services and for-profit concessions,and between the government,businesses,communities,and travelers. Second,three types of the WLP＇s heuristic implications are discussed and interpreted： 1） the fundamental importance of choosing an appropriate institutional platform for heritage tourism;2） non-profit marketing of heritage services and conservation of heritage authenticity and integrity;3） defects of current tourism economy-related textbooks in providing guidelines for heritage tourism.These defects especially need to be focused on and analyzed.They mainly result from ignoring the essential differences between heritage and non-heritage travel-recreation resources,the unique nature of heritage property rights,and the unique principles and standards required for heritage conservation and sustainable heritage tourism,and therefore cause difficulties in efforts to correctly and properly treat numerous issues involving heritage tourism,such as tickets pricing,planning and management of scenic spots,protection and conservation of heritage resources,ecological systems and the environment,supply and demand of tourist goods and services,traveler＇s rights and interests,and the distribution of tourism income. Last,an urgent proposal for creating a heritage tourism economy,especially for China,is advocated.A conceptual framework for China＇s heritage tourism economy is sketched out for academic discussion.One should be reminded and place emphasis on the following framework： 1） the economic side of heritage resources must be perfectly linked with heritage economics,cultural economics and tourism economics and form an integrated network;2） three types of land resources can be found at heritage sites and areas,i.e.heritage site conservation,probably associated with land containing components of natural and/or cultural landscapes and other ordinary land,should be approached differentially from the tourism of heritage sites;3） reviewing issues involving heritage tourism in terms of the principles of heritage economics and heritage conservation.