文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：遗产地旅游发展利益网络治理研究——基于指数随机图模型、以农业文化遗产地云南哈尼梯田为例

英文题名：Research on Governance of Interests Network in the Tourism Development of the Agricultural Cultural Heritage Site from Exponential Random Graph Models——Take Hani Rice Terraces in Yunnan as an Example

作者：时少华[1];孙业红[1]

第一作者：时少华

机构：[1]北京联合大学旅游学院

第一机构：北京联合大学旅游学院

年份：2017

卷号：0

期号：2

起止页码：147-162

中文期刊名：经济管理

外文期刊名：Business Management Journal

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；社科基金资助期刊;CSSCI:【CSSCI2017_2018】；

基金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"社会网络视角下农业文化遗产保护与旅游发展中的社区利益协调研究--以云南哈尼梯田为例"(14YJCZH129);国家自然科学基金项目"农业文化遗产地旅游社区灾害风险认知及适应过程研究:以云南红河为例"(41201580);国家旅游局科研项目"旅游业与文化遗产地社区发展中的利益网络治理研究--以云南红河哈尼梯田为例"(16TACG014)

语种：中文

中文关键词：指数随机图模型;农业文化遗产地;旅游发展;利益网络治理;哈尼梯田

外文关键词：exponential random graph models （ERGMs） ;world cultural heritage site; tourism development; governance of interests network; Hani rice terraces

摘要：遗产地旅游利益相关者之间的纠纷与冲突问题是阻碍旅游可持续发展的重要因素,寻找疏解利益纠纷与冲突的策略,对于遗产地旅游发展来说意义重大。本文运用指数随机图模型,以全球重要农业文化遗产地云南元阳哈尼梯田为例,建立了Markov随机图模型和高阶随机图模型,运用MCMC方法对两个模型参数进行模拟估计,并以样本标准误差和t统计值来判断模型参数达到聚敛的程度,以期寻找最优的估计模型。通过数据分析,高阶模型的聚敛情况要好于Markov模型,因此,最终选择高阶模型。依据高阶模型的网络核心—边缘趋势、重叠传递性趋势或凝聚子群趋势、受中间人控制或协调趋势参数估计结论,提出了利益网络治理建议。
Interest dispute among stakeholders in the process Of tourism development in heritage site is still a big problem for policy makers, becoming an significant factor hindering the sustainable development of tourism in those sites. The Exponential Random Graph Models （ERGMs） is a High-level social network analysis model. Its advan- tage lies in using the parameter estimation or computer simulation methods to analyze various levels of network vari- ables, and shows a statistical test or simulation result. In terms of literature, there is almost no literature using the ERGMs to research it about tourism stakeholders in heritage site. However, the related literature which is from the network scientific analysis perspective to research literature of stakeholders in tourist destination, but didn＇ t use the method of ERGMs to have further study of this problem. In the data collection of Interests network, we mainly use the whole network data collection method. This study takes Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces as an example, on the basis of organizing and classifying for main stakeholders, mainly uses expert questionnaire. This study invites 10 experienced experts, that have led or participated in the programs of Hani Rice Terraces conservation and in tourism development planning, to give a mark of the interests relationship between the 16 stakeholders （＂0＂ means no interest relationship between the two stakeholders, ＂1＂ means exist profit opportunities, channel, influence and cooperation）. On the basis of summarizing given the scores of experts, based on the field interview information, the author collected the related media coverage information, and corrected the scores of experts. Eventually got the interest relationship matrix. As to analyzing the data, , this study uses ERGMs to analyze Interests network data of the Hani Rice Ter- races, and establishes the Markov random graph model and high order random graph model. The article uses MC- MC method to carry out simulated estimating for the two model parameters, and the sample standard error and the t statistic to determine Convergent degree of the model parameters, in order to find the optimal estimation model. Through data analysis, convergent condition of high order model is better than Markov model. Therefore, the high order model was finally chosen. The conclusion of this study shows that the interest relationship network ： （ 1 ） has the obvious core-periphery structure characteristics; （2） has a dense overlapping transitivity （or cliques structure） structure characteristics; （3） has the structure characteristics of the control or coordination by broker; （4） from the perspective of the inter- nal and external interest groups, within and among heritage conservation interest group, tourism development inter- ests group, comprehensive interests group ,the groups equally have the core-periphery structure, intensive overlap- ping transitivity structure （ or cliques structure） characteristics, which is controlled and coordinated structure by the broker. Based on the above conclusion, the paper puts forward the following suggestions about network governance： Firstly, according to the core--periphery structure trend of the whole interests the network, to enhance the benefits relationship and the cooperation between stakeholders within the periphery interests group, we can cultivate the key broker within the periphery interest groups ; Secondly, from dense overlapping transitivity of the whole inter- ests network, to strengthen the effective connection between factions, remove some invalid connection in the net- work, and try to reduce the shortcut distance between stakeholders, to improve the efficiency of interest transmis- sion; Thirdly, from the structure characteristics of the control or coordination by broker in the whole interest net- work, it＇ s necessary to cultivate the key broker within communities, between community and government, tourism enterprises and pressure groups; Fourthly, from the perspective within interest group internal , （ 1 ） upgrade the in- terests relationship and cooperation between various stakeholders of periphery part of interests （D, I, N, O） and core part （B, C） in comprehensive interest group, （2） strengthen the interests communication and cooperation within the group, （3） cultivate the coordinator or consultant within interest group of the heritage protection and tourism development; Fifthly, from the perspective between the interests groups, （1） establish a interests coopera- tion mechanism between the core group and the periphery group, （2） prevent the destructive effect of three interest groups because of deviating from goals of the heritage protection and tourism development, （3） foster the agent, the gatekeeper and liaison between heritage conservation interest groups and tourism development interest groups.