文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：创业成本感知对创业意愿影响的组态效应研究

英文题名：Research on the configuration effect of entrepreneurial cost perception on entrepreneurial intention

作者：徐鲲[1];贾俊伟[2];张皓月[1];鲍新中[1]

第一作者：徐鲲

机构：[1]北京联合大学管理学院,北京100101;[2]首都经济贸易大学会计学院,北京100070

第一机构：北京联合大学管理学院

年份：2023

卷号：44

期号：12

起止页码：136-145

中文期刊名：科研管理

外文期刊名：Science Research Management

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSSCI:【CSSCI2023_2024】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目:“大数据驱动下电商平台供应链融资风险动态预警研究”(20YJC630175)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：创业成本感知;创业意愿;组态思维;模糊集定性比较分析;

外文关键词：entrepreneurial cost perception;entrepreneurial intention;configuration thinking;fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)method

摘要：创业者对于创业环境的认可度、地方政府支持力度、资金融通难度等因素的主观感知是决定其创业与否的重要影响因素,且这一影响并非通过单一因素或单一路径能够达成,而是多重因素协同影响的复杂过程,因此探析创业成本感知对创业意愿影响的组态效应至关重要。本文基于创业成本的全域视角,将创业成本划分为显性成本和隐性成本,借助模糊集定性比较分析法,利用29个城市科技创业者对创业成本及创业意愿感知的调研数据,探索造成创业意愿差异的因果复杂机制。研究发现:(1)驱动创业意愿具有“多重并发”和“殊途同归”的特征,单一创业成本要素并不构成创业意愿产生的必要条件;(2)高创业意愿的激活机制主要分为四条路径:即显性成本驱动型、社会环境主导型、综合成本驱动型和显性成本—技术驱动型;(3)在特定的创业成本条件下,经济环境成本和商务成本在高创业意愿的产生过程中具有替代关系;(4)科技创业者在初创阶段对于显性成本更为敏感,成长阶段则对政策环境的感知力更强。研究结论对于激发不同区域的科技创业活力,营造良好的区域创业生态具有现实意义。
The level of regional start-up cost is an important indicator to determine whether,where and when entrepreneurs start businesses.Entrepreneurs′subjective perception of the entrepreneurial environment,local government support,the abundance of regional talent reserve,the difficulty of financing and other factors will also affect entrepreneurs′entrepreneurial intention.The research showed that there is a certain deviation between objective start-up cost and subjective cost perception of entrepreneurs in some cities,which results in obvious differences in subjective and objective rankings of policy environment cost,financing availability and technology availability.Therefore,in the case of differences between subjective and objective start-up costs,entrepreneurs′subjective perception of local start-up costs will become the core factor that directly affects their entrepreneurial intention.Previous studies have found that business cost,environmental cost,regulation cost,financing cost and investment cost have a heterogeneous impact on entrepreneurial intention.Some scholars also analyze the impact of urban entrepreneurial cost perception on entrepreneurial willingness and entrepreneurial effectiveness.However,existing scholars tend to focus on explicit costs such as human cost and study their impact on entrepreneurial willingness from a single dimension,while few studies take hidden costs such as financing environment into account,or integrate multiple cost dimensions to study their impact on entrepreneurial willingness.However,the impact of start-up cost on start-up intention is a complex process under the synergistic action of multiple factors,which needs to consider the synergistic linkage of multiple cost factors.Therefore,it is very important to explore the impact of start-up cost perception configuration effect on start-up intention.In addition,previous studies mostly explored the"net effect"of a single factor′s influence on entrepreneurial intention based on traditional regression analysis methods.Meanwhile,the analysis method of moderating variables was used to try to answer the configuration effect.However,in such studies,it was difficult to answer the configuration effect of multiple factors(especially more than three factors),and it was unable to dig out a clearer causal complex mechanism.Therefore,it is impossible to elucidate the configuration effect of synergistic entrepreneurial cost factors on entrepreneurial intention.Qualitative comparative analysis(QCA)based on configuration thinking can effectively overcome the limitations of traditional analysis methods and fully explore the influence mechanism of the linkage effect of multiple levels of antecedent variables on entrepreneurial intention.In view of this,in order to systematically deconstruct the combination of antecedents of entrepreneurial intention driven by entrepreneurial costs,this paper divided entrepreneurial costs into explicit costs and invisible costs from the perspective of the whole entrepreneurial cost and according to relevant concepts in economics,and constructed an entrepreneurial cost evaluation system.Taking 29 representative cities in China as samples,the fsQCA method was adopted to explore the relationship between different configurations composed of 7 antecedent variables and entrepreneurial intention,and explore the promotion path of entrepreneurial intention.The results showed that:(1)driving entrepreneurial intention has the characteristics of"multiple concurrency"and"common destination",and a single entrepreneurial cost factor does not constitute the necessary condition for the generation of entrepreneurial intention;(2)The activation mechanism of high entrepreneurial intention can be divided into four main paths:explicit cost-driven,social environment-driven,comprehensive cost-driven and explicit cost-technology-driven;(3)Under specific start-up cost conditions,economic environment cost and business cost have substitution relationship in the production process of high entrepreneurial intention;(4)Technology entrepreneurs are more sensitive to explicit costs in the start-up stage and more sensitive to the policy environment in the growth stage.The research conclusion is helpful to clarify the composition of start-up costs,explore the sensitive cost factors that affect entrepreneurial intention,and it has important theoretical and practical significance for stimulating entrepreneurial vitality in different regions and creating a good regional entrepreneurial ecology.