文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：鄂西南古人类活动新证据

英文题名：NEW EVIDENCE FOR HUMAN OCCUPATION OF THE SOUTHWESTERN HUBEI DURING THE PLEISTOCENE

作者：周振宇[1,2];高星[1];冯小波[3];彭菲[1,4];杨年友[5];黄再铭[5];王振普[5];张继东[5]

第一作者：周振宇

机构：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所人类演化实验室;[2]中国社会科学院考古研究所;[3]北京联合大学应用文理学院;[4]中国科学院大学;[5]湖北省建始县文物管理所

第一机构：中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所人类演化实验室,北京100044

年份：2013

卷号：33

期号：3

起止页码：565-574

中文期刊名：第四纪研究

外文期刊名：Quaternary Sciences

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2011】；CSCD:【CSCD2013_2014】；

基金：科技部科技基础性工作专项项目(批准号:2007FY110200);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDA05130202);中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目(批准号:KZCX2-YW-Q1-04)共同资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：更新世;岩溶洞穴;旧石器时代;建始岩风洞;考古发掘

外文关键词：Pleistocene;karst cave; Paleolithic;Yanfengdong cave; Jianshi; archaeological excavation

摘要：岩风洞遗址位于湖北建始县西南部，长江支流清江流域中上游地区。2008年4～5月和2010年9月，联合考古队两次对该遗址进行发掘，获取石制品、哺乳动物化石等与人类活动相关的文化遗存，出土石制品36件，包括石核、石片、断块和石器。石器以片状毛坯为主，刮削器和砍砸器为主要类型，多采用锤击法加工。野外工作期间，考古队员还对岩风洞洞穴堆积及周边地质、地貌环境进行了考察。根据地貌、地层和文化面貌对比，推断遗址形成于中更新世中晚期。
The Yanfengdog Cave site, located in Luojiaba Vallage, Jianshi County, Hubei Province, is situated in the region of the upper reach of Qingjiang River which is a branch of Changjiang River. The geopraphical position of the site is 30°31＇51.7＂N,109°42＇21.5＂E. The cave towards 230° with 10m height, 30m width, and altitude of approximately 694m. This site has been excavated by the archaeologists from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Office for Cultural Relics Administration of Jianshi County in 2008 and 2010. The two excavations exposed a total area of about 56m2, with 36 stone artifacts and hundreds mammalian fossils collected. Eight stratigraphic layers of the cave deposit were identified at the site with the total thickness of more than 6meters,which is not reach to the bed rock in a matter of safety. 36 stone artifacts and abundant of fauna fossils were unearthed from the two excavations. The stone assemblage includes cores （ N = 1 ） ,flakes （ N = 12 ） , chunks （ N = 9 ） , pebbles with single scar （ N = 3 ） , and retouched tools （ N = 11 ）. More than four kinds of raw materials, including limestone and quartzite, are utilized in core reduction and tool manufacture, with limestone quartzite being the predominant type, constituting 64% of the assemblage. The principal flaking technique is direct hammer percussion without core preparation. Blanks for tool fabrication are flakes and pebbles with flakes being the predominant type at 64%. Only two retouched tool classes are identified： scrapers and choppers which are all been retouched by direct hammer percussion. Lithic raw materials exploited at the site were locally available from limestone hills and valley close to the site, and the extent of raw material consumption in general was low. Scraper is the most important type in the stone tool assemblage dominated at 82%. The fauna fossils includes Cervidae, Bovidae, Gigantopithecus blacki, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Hipposideros sp., Niviventer confucianus , Eothenomys melanogaster , Sorex sp. Our research revealed that there was a stable environment in Yanfengdong Cave when ancient people lived. This cave was suitable as a habitat for ancient human activities with plenty of animal and plant resources. According to the geological position of Yanfengdong site and the comparative ESR dating results, the age of Yanfengdong Paleolithic site estimates around 0.1Ma, Middle Pleistocene. Jianshi Country is the transitional area between the two main industries of North and South China, and thus a region that plays a very important role in Chinese Lower Paleolithic research. Compared with the nearby site, Longgudong Cave and Juyuandong Cave, the stone tool assemblage of Yanfengdong indicates the cultural continuity and stability which represents by a high percentage of flakes and flake tools in the assemblage. This single Paleolithic cultural tradition chrematistic maybe affected by region of the Three Gorges region,Luonan Basin in Shaanxi Province and Hanshui drainage area.