文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：替代还是共生?人工智能对特殊教育范式的挑战与重塑

英文题名：Substitution or Symbiosis? Challenges and Remolding of Special Education Paradigm Driven by Artificial Intelligence

作者：姚登峰[1,2];曲欣[1];李妍[1]

第一作者：姚登峰

机构：[1]北京联合大学特殊教育学院,北京100075;[2]清华大学心理学与认知科学研究中心,北京100084

第一机构：北京联合大学特殊教育学院

年份：2025

卷号：39

期号：6

起止页码：61-69

中文期刊名：北京联合大学学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Beijing Union University

基金：中国残疾人联合会研究课题(25&ZZ016);国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BYY106);国家语言文字工作委员会一般项目(YB145-25)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：人工智能;特殊教育;教育范式;教师角色;教育伦理;技术治理

外文关键词：artificial intelligence;special education;educational paradigm;teacher role;educational ethics;technological governance

摘要：随着人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)特别是大语言模型(LLM)与多模态感知(能够同时整合图像、声音、文本等多源信息的AI)系统的快速发展,特殊教育正面临前所未有的结构性冲击与重塑契机。AI不仅在语言补偿、视觉替代、社交训练与个性化教学等环节提供显著支持,更逐步由辅助工具演进为教育活动中的结构性参与者,深度嵌入教学实践、教师角色与制度文化等核心领域。本文梳理了AI在特殊教育中的典型应用,指出其在提升效率的同时,也带来了教育目标异化、个体差异编码失效、情感支持缺位与伦理判断困境等深层挑战。从教育社会学视角出发,提出AI正系统性重构特殊教育的三重结构:教学实践的人机协同、教师角色的专业转向以及制度文化的技术再编。在替代与共生的张力中,特殊教育亟须以人本价值为导向,探索AI赋能下公平、包容且富有温度的未来教育路径。
With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence(AI),especially the rapid development of large language models and multimodal perception systems(capable of integrating visual,auditory,textual,and other multi-source information-based AI),special education is undergoing unprecedented structural transformation and remolding.AI not only provides substantial support in areas such as language compensation,visual substitution,social interaction training,and personalized instruction,but is also evolving from an assistive tool to a structural participant in educational activities,deeply embedded in core domains including teaching practices,teacher roles,and institutional culture.This paper reviews typical AI applications in special education,highlighting that while it enhances efficiency,it also introduces profound challenges such as the alienation of educational goals,the failure in encoding individual differences,the absence of emotional support,and ethical ambiguity.From a sociology of education perspective,the study further proposes that AI is systematically reshaping special three dimensions of special education:human-machine collaboration in teaching practices,professional transformation of teacher roles;and technological re-encoding of institutional culture.Between substitution and symbiosis,special education must adopt a humanistic value-oriented approach and explore future educational pathways that are equitable,inclusive,and warm under AI empowerment.