文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：人工智能的就业效应研究:锦上添花抑或是釜底抽薪?

英文题名：Research on the Employment Effect of Artificial Intelligence: The Icing on the Cake or the Other Way Around?

作者：何勤[1];邱玥[1]

第一作者：何勤

机构：[1]北京联合大学管理学院,北京100101

第一机构：北京联合大学管理学院

年份：2020

卷号：18

期号：2

起止页码：84-95

中文期刊名：北京联合大学学报：人文社会科学版

收录：国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;CSSCI:【CSSCI2019_2020】；

基金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“人工智能对劳动力市场的冲击及劳动者知识技能转换应对研究”(项目编号:19AGL025);北京市社会科学基金重大项目“动态匹配视角下人工智能对北京市就业的影响与应对研究”(项目编号:18ZDA09);北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设支持计划高水平创新团队建设计划“面向创新网络的小微企业公共服务体系构建研究”(项目编号:IDHT20180514);北京联合大学人才强校优选计划项目(项目编号:BPHR2018BS01)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：人工智能;上市企业;就业

外文关键词：artificial intelligence;listed enterprises;employment

摘要：人工智能技术与行业和产业融合成为各国关注的焦点,关于新技术的就业效应研究在学术界不断推进,但学者们的研究观点存在分歧。本文从微观企业视角,探讨人工智能概念股上市企业中人工智能技术研发投入对就业数量和质量的影响及机制,研究发现:(1)人工智能技术研发投入导致就业数量即员工规模的扩大。增加人工智能技术研发投入产生的创造效应较为显著,与当前较多学者从宏观视角下的研究结论存在一定的差异。(2)人工智能技术研发投入不仅对就业数量产生正向影响,而且能够提高以收入为表征的就业质量。基于人工智能技术以及上市企业的特征,一方面新技术对人才需求的增加相应提升了员工收入水平,另一方面在上市企业绩效制度的要求下,员工易受到激励而追求高目标,从而提升收入水平。(3)产品创新在人工智能技术研发投入对就业的影响中存在中介效应,即企业人工智能技术研发投入程度会通过影响产品创新程度间接作用于员工规模和员工收入。(4)人工智能技术迅速发展、国家政策红利支持及上市企业的独特特征等情境因素,进一步推动了人工智能上市企业的就业创造效应机制。与当前大部分研究结果相比,企业提高人工智能技术的研发投入并没有产生显著的"釜底抽薪"效应,即对员工就业产生消极的破坏效应,而凸显出新技术对就业的"锦上添花"效应,即带来更多的就业机会。
The integration of artificial intelligence technology with industries and industries has become the focus of attention of various countries.The research on the employment effect of technological innovation is constantly advancing in the academic circle,but scholars’research views are divergent.From the perspective of micro enterprises,this paper discusses the influence of the technology innovation of artificial intelligence on the quantity and quality of employment in artificial intelligence listed enterprises,and finds that:(1)Technology innovation of artificial intelligence leads to the expansion of employment,that is,the scale of employees.The creation effect of increasing the investment in artificial intelligence technology research and development is relatively significant,which is different from the research conclusions of many scholars from the macro perspective.(2)Technology innovation of artificial intelligence not only has a positive impact on the quantity of employment,but also can improve the quality of employment represented by income.Based on the particularity of artificial intelligence technology and the characteristics of listed enterprises,on the one hand,the increase of new technology’s demand for talents has correspondingly improved the income level of employees;on the other hand,under the requirements of the performance system of listed enterprises,employees are likely to be motivated to pursue high goals,thus improving their income level.(3)Product innovation has a mediating effect in the influence of artificial intelligence technology innovation on employment,that is,enterprise artificial intelligence technology innovation will indirectly affect employee scale and employee income through influencing the degree of product innovation.(4)The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,the support of national policy dividend,and the unique characteristics of listed enterprises have further promoted the mechanism of employment creation effect of listed artificial intelligence enterprises.Compared with most of the current research results,the increase of research and development investment in artificial intelligence technology by enterprises has not produced the significant"knock-down"effect,which negative destruction effect has on employee employment,but highlights the"icing on the cake"effect of new technology on employment,that is,more job opportunities.