文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：论旅游外交:层次、属性和功能

英文题名：Tourism Diplomacy: Levels, Attributes and Functions

作者：李飞[1]

第一作者：李飞

机构：[1]北京联合大学旅游学院

第一机构：北京联合大学旅游学院

年份：2019

卷号：0

期号：3

起止页码：113-124

中文期刊名：旅游学刊

外文期刊名：Tourism Tribune

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；社科基金资助期刊;CSSCI:【CSSCI2019_2020】；

基金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目"‘一带一路’倡议下民族地区跨境廊道遗产价值与功能研究"(13YJCZH175);北京联合大学人才强校优选计划(BPHR2019CSPHR2019)资助~~

语种：中文

中文关键词：旅游外交;旅游政治;公共外交;旅游功能

外文关键词：tourism diplomacy;tourism politics;public diplomacy;tourism functions

摘要：旅游外交是低位政治与高位政治在国家层面的战略耦合,它所具有的和平话语和柔性方式丰富了外交和国际关系理论,同时提升了旅游的价值并丰富其功能。旅游外交实践在国际社会中开展已久,但以独立官方概念出现是由我国政府最早提出的。文章从全球视角对旅游外交的层次、属性和功能3个基本问题进行理论分析和实践讨论。首先,旅游外交实现了在官方、半官方、民间3个层次上的能量传导和扩散,完成了从"传统"转向"多轨"的演进过程,进而分析了旅游外交的多层次传导路径和多层次动力机制。第二,旅游与和平的因果关系一直在国际上存有争议,通过对"和平之因""和平之果"和折衷学派的论述,进一步体现了旅游外交所具有的天然"和平属性"。第三,随着旅游外交深度和广度的拓展,其功能更加多样化,主要表现在弥合分歧与巩固同盟、提振经济与新殖民主义、文化交流与形象塑造、外交报复与谅解等方面。在旅游外交理论明显滞后于国际实践的当前形势下,希望该研究能够唤起专家学者对旅游外交更有见地、更加科学的思考与探讨。
Tourism diplomacy is a strategic coupling between low and high politics at the national level. Its peaceful discourse and flexible approach enrich the theory of diplomacy and international relations;they also enhance the value of tourism and enrich its functions. The practice of tourism diplomacy has been conducted in the international community for a long time;however, it emerged as an independent official concept following a proposal by the Chinese government in 2015. At present,most research in China and overseas focuses on tourism diplomacy as a means of public diplomacy to promote cross-cultural communication and national image;research has ignored the multilevel nature of tourism diplomacy. This paper makes a theoretical analysis and practical discussion of three basic problems(levels, attributes, and functions) of tourism diplomacy from a global perspective.First, tourism diplomacy is divided into three levels: the official level '(first track');semiofficial level '(second track');and civil level '(third track'). Though the three levels differ in terms of official status, they are related to one another. Tourism diplomacy was first put into practice at the official level and then expanded to semiofficial and civil areas. As forms of nontraditional diplomacy(public diplomacy), semiofficial and civil levels have played an increasingly important role in today’s international arena;accordingly, many studies have focused only on public diplomacy, ignoring official tourism diplomacy. This paper constructs the Tourism Diplomacy Multilevel Dynamic System Model and analyzes the dynamic mechanism of the model based on real cases.Second, the inherently peaceful nature of tourism makes it a diplomatic route that many countries and governments are keen to adopt. However, controversy remains among academics, business circles,and policy makers regarding the causal relationship between tourism and peace. The eclectic school’s view of tourism and peace existing and promoting each other provides a theoretical explanation for the use of tourism diplomacy in different environments(negative and positive peace). Through discussions of the cause of peace, the fruits of peace, and eclectic views, this approach underlines the natural peaceful attributes of tourism diplomacy.Third, with expansion of the depth and breadth of tourism diplomacy, its functions have become more diverse. That diversity is evident mainly in terms of bridging differences and consolidating alliances, boosting the economy and neocolonialism, cultural exchanges and image building, and diplomatic retaliation and understanding.Given the current situation with tourism diplomacy, in which theory lags behind international practice, this paper is a preliminary study on the theory and practice of the subject. We hope that with respect to tourism diplomacy, this study can stimulate scholars and other experts to develop more scientific ways of thinking and promote discussion. It is necessary for future studies to examine the internal logical relations among the levels, attributes, and functions of tourism diplomacy. The following questions need to be addressed: What are the constraints on the different levels? What other functions does tourism diplomacy have? To what extent does it follow and serve the national interest?