文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：北京城区长期避难场所空间布局研究

英文题名：On the spatial distribution of the urban-emergency shelter in Beijing downtown areas

作者：周爱华[1];张景秋[1];付晓[1]

第一作者：周爱华

机构：[1]北京联合大学应用文理学院

第一机构：北京联合大学应用文理学院

年份：2014

卷号：14

期号：3

起止页码：151-156

中文期刊名：安全与环境学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Safety and Environment

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2011】；CSCD:【CSCD2013_2014】；

基金：北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(2011D005022000013);北京市属高等学校高层次人才引进与培养计划项目(IDHT20130322)

语种：中文

中文关键词：安全科学技术其他学科;长期避难场所;空间布局;可达性;北京城区;GIS

外文关键词：other disciplines of safety science and technology ; emergency shelter; spatial distribution; accessibility; Beijing ; GIS

摘要：城市应急避难所是灾难或灾害发生后人员安置和救助的重要载体,其布局合理与否直接影响到它为市民提供避难服务的效果。以北京城区长期避难场所为研究对象,利用ArcGIS软件的空间分析模块,结合城区人口数据,以1 000 m和2 000 m为避难场所理论服务半径的分界点,筛选数据,计算得到相应避难场所的实际服务半径分别为2 000 m、3 000 m和5 000 m,绘制缓冲区,获得避难场所的实际服务区域;并与城区数据进行叠加,计算各区域避难场所的服务面积比、服务人口比、服务重叠率和避难人口配置缺口等指标;应用最小距离法计算城区各街道对避难场所的可达性。结果表明:北京城区长期避难场所空间布局不均衡,局部过于密集,服务重叠率严重;五环以内区域基本可满足居民的长期避难需求,但五环以外绝大部分区域为避难盲区;已建成避难场所仅能供城区16%的人口进行避难,人口配置缺口较大,总体上不能满足居民的避难需求。
The paper is inclined to offer our study and analysis of the spatial distribution of the urban-emergency shelter in Beijing downtown area, which is by nature a kind of public service necessity to increase the social security and living stability in case of avoiding and escaping the unexpected disasters or accidents. To solve the spatial distribution problem for such a kind of shelters, the key link is to prepare and workout a set of rules to guarantee a rational and equal spatial distribution, which may surely influence the service results for citizens directly.In our opinion, first of all, it is of the primary need to prepare efficient service indices and easy accessibility to the emergency shelter-seekers in case of need. It is for this purpose, we have done the following analyses： According to the actual scattering of the local residence, we have worked out the average emergency sheltering needs in Beijing downtown areas by using a buffering method and finding that the actual service radius for the actual situation is of 2 000 m, 3 000 m and 5 000 m on the ArcGIS platform. Furthermore, we have worked out the district data needed with the shelter distribution, the theoretical service area and the actual service areas. In the mean time, we have worked out the four service indices, and the accessibility by the minimum distance method as well. The study results demonstrated that the overall layout of the emergency shelter area in Beijing is relatively irrational and unreasonable,for the average space shelter in Beijing so as to get the high ratio of service overlap, especially in the nucleus downtown districts in Beijing. However, on the whole, the emergency shelters can only be provided as a kind of social service resources to meet the refuge need for the sixteen percent of the total population of Beijing, basically for the escaping need for the residence no beyond the Fifth Ring regions. At the same time, there is little standing escaping shelter outside the Fifth Ring in Beijing. Therefore, it is of great significance for the city administrators to regulate and adjust the spatial distribution of standing emergency shelters for the capital residence in respected districts.The relational conclusions could also provide reliable references for optimizing the spatial distribution of standing emergency shelters as well as preparing more new facilities and doing necessary training in regard with the disasters and accidents in Beijing.