文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：社会网络分析视角下世界文化遗产地旅游发展中的利益协调研究——以云南元阳哈尼梯田为例

英文题名：Research on Interests Coordination in the Tourism Development of the World Cultural Heritage Site from the Perspective of Social Network Analysis:Taking Hani Rice Terraces in Yunnan as an Example

作者：时少华[1];孙业红[1]

第一作者：时少华

机构：[1]北京联合大学旅游学院

第一机构：北京联合大学旅游学院

年份：2016

卷号：31

期号：7

起止页码：52-64

中文期刊名：旅游学刊

外文期刊名：Tourism Tribune

收录：人大复印报刊资料;CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；社科基金资助期刊;CSSCI:【CSSCI2014_2016】；

基金：教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目"社会网络视角下农业文化遗产保护与旅游发展中的社区利益协调研究--以云南哈尼梯田为例"(14YJCZH129);国家自然科学基金项目"农业文化遗产地旅游社区灾害风险认知及适应过程研究--以云南红河为例"(41201580);国家旅游局科研项目"旅游业与文化遗产地社区发展中的利益网络治理研究--以云南红河哈尼梯田为例"(16TAAG014);国家旅游局旅游业青年专家培养计划项目"社会网络视角下历史文化街区保护与旅游发展研究:以北京为例"(TYETP201507)共同资助~~

语种：中文

中文关键词：社会网络分析;世界文化遗产地;旅游发展;利益协调;元阳哈尼梯田

外文关键词：Social Network Analysis （SNA）; World Cultural Heritage Site; tourism development; interests coordination; Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces

摘要：遗产地旅游发展中利益相关者的利益纠纷问题一直困扰着决策者,成为阻碍其旅游可持续发展的重要因素。文章运用社会网络分析方法,以世界文化遗产地云南元阳哈尼梯田为例,对元阳哈尼梯田遗产旅游发展中利益相关者所构成的利益集团进行了网络凝聚性、关联性、互惠性、传递性、等级性和代理性指标分析,并提出5条建议:一是提升哈尼梯田利益关系由弱利益关系转变为强利益关系,改变利益集团间存在着的核心边缘利益关系格局;二是进一步加强各利益集团内部及之间的关联性;三要充分利用哈尼梯田利益网络高互惠性、高传递性特征,加强以企业和政府机构为顶点的组间利益传递,让利益流动逐步打破哈尼梯田利益集团之间的核心边缘关系结构;四是重点加强社区在利益关系网络中的参与机会与权力,对社区进行增权;五是利益集团内部要重点培育协调人和顾问角色,利益集团之间要重点培育企业与政府、社区、压力集团之间的守门人、代理人和联络人角色,以及社区与政府和企业之间的守门人、代理人角色。
Hani Rice Terraces is listed as UNESCO World Cultural Heritage in 2014 and also Globally Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） in 2010 as the marvelous human wisdom and its outstanding universal value to the human beings. At the same time, with unique, magnificent and varied scenery, complex farming, water management system and the multi ethnic group performances, traditions and festivals etc. Hani Rice Terraces has become a famous agricultural tourism and ecological tourism destination attracting many visitors from all over the world. However in the process of tourism development, government, tourism enterprises, local community and tourists various benefits correlation between interest contradiction and dispute problems emerge endlessly, the decision-makers in the policy formulation of heritage conservation and tourism development encountered many difficulties, and the local community is not satisfied with the situation of the company orientated tourism model and has lots of complaints, these all become the hinder of sustainable tourism development in Hani Rice Terraces area. To make the relationship of different stakeholders of World Heritage Site and GIAHS site clear, this study takes Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces as an example, analyzes the network cohesion, hierarchy and agency index by using the method of SNA（Social Network Analysis）, based on the analysis, put forward three suggestions： Firstly, to shape a close interest relation between government, business and local community form the effective interest coordination mechanism; Secondly, to strengthen the internal relationship among the interest groups to form the effective conservation and development force; Thirdly, make full use of the high reciprocity, high transmission feature of interest Hani Rice Terraces network, to strengthen the enterprises and government institutions for benefit transfer between the set of vertices, let flow benefits gradually break the Hani Rice Terraces interest groups between the core periphery structure; Fourthly, to focus on decision-making power and voice power in the interests relation network in local community, in order to increase the power of the local community; Last but not the least, to cultivate coordinator and consultant role inside the interest groups, and to cultivate enterprise gatekeeper, representative and liaison role between government, communities, pressure groups, gatekeeper, representative role among communities, government and enterprises. SNA provides a good tool to explain the relationship of those stakeholders, while this study did not touch how to use the network to obtain benefits, and how to reveal the acquisition rules and process in the interests of the tourism development impacts in the world cultural heritage areas. For the places like Hani Rice Terraces, the interests network is often complex, and the network relationships are often in a complex change, the structural features and the corresponding will change accordingly. Obviously, It is necessary to examine the interests of the network evolution and optimization strategy dynamically.