文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：西江苗寨旅游发展中的居民参与和遗产保护关系研究

英文题名：Study on Resident Participation and Heritage Preservation in the Tourism Development of Xijiang Miao Village

作者：张云舟[1];李飞[2]

第一作者：张云舟

机构：[1]中国文物信息咨询中心,北京20029;[2]北京联合大学旅游学院,北京100101

第一机构：中国文物信息咨询中心,北京20029

年份：2022

期号：1

起止页码：89-97

中文期刊名：中国文化遗产

外文期刊名：China Cultural Heritage

收录：国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库

语种：中文

中文关键词：少数民族村寨;传统村落;旅游发展;居民参与;遗产保护;西江苗寨

外文关键词：Ethnic minority village;tourism development;resident participation;heritage preservation;Xijiang Miao Village

摘要：随着传统村落旅游和民族文化旅游逐步升温,越来越多的当地居民参与到旅游产业当中,地方性的文化遗产在旅游发展中得到保护与传承的同时,所面临的问题也逐渐突显。以贵州西江苗寨为例,实地调研显示,在传统村落旅游发展背景下,西江苗寨旅游中的居民参与问题及其与文化遗产保护的关系呈现如下特征:第一,苗寨的物质与非物质文化因旅游发展得到了挖掘,并获得延续和传承,村民通过参与旅游发展经济收入和生活水平均有所提高。第二,因为旅游开发的原因,西江苗寨的地方性文化也受到一定影响,苗寨中的商业化气息使村寨自然生态与传统文化部分地失去了古朴和原真。第三,在旅游发展过程中,西江苗寨居民通过社会参与、文化参与、经济参与、政治参与的方式参与到苗寨旅游发展中。但由于居民受教育水平低、经济能力弱、社会关系薄弱等方面原因,导致旅游参与的效度较低。因此,只有居民充分参与到旅游发展中才能可持续展示地方文化魅力,有效建立民族旅游和传统村寨旅游品牌,并有效地推动当地文化遗产保护,实现民族文化遗产知名度的广泛扩展。
Thanks to the thriving tourism economy in recent years,ethnic minority areas and border areas in China have enjoyed rapid change in aspects such as local features,heritage preservation,quality of people’s livelihood and social environment.And the unspoiled traditional villages of strong cultural significance have become the higher-level heritage tourism destinations for tourists.With traditional village tourism and ethnic cultural tourism gaining momentum,an increasing number of ethnic minority residents participate in the tourism industry.While the local cultural heritage is preserved and inherited amid the tourism development,several problems come to light.In the context of the development of traditional village tourism,this paper studies the resident participation in ethnic minority village tourism and its relations with cultural heritage preservation by taking the Xijiang Miao Village in Guizhou Province as a case study.This paper conducts a field survey in Xijiang Miao Village,a cultural heritage site,by interviewing the local residents and collecting data with questionnaires.The questionnaire includes demographic statistics,resident attitudes toward local tourism development,and resident participation in tourism development and heritage preservation activities.Then the statistical results of the questionnaire are analyzed and discussed from the perspective of residents based on the theory of community participation and sustainable development before the following conclusions are drawn.Firstly,both the tangible and intangible cultural heritages of Xijiang Miao Village have been greatly exploited,sustained and inherited owing to tourism development.The villagers also enjoy more economic incomes and higher living standards by participating in tourism development.Secondly,tourism development also has a certain impact on the local culture of Xijiang Miao Village.The commercialization of the Miao Village has reduced the quaintness and primitiveness of its natural ecology and traditional culture.Thirdly,even though the residents of Xijiang Miao Village participate socially,culturally,economically and politically in the tourism development of their village,their low educational levels,economic conditions and social connections lead to the low validity of tourism participation.Therefore,the sustainable development of tourism cannot be achieved without resident participation.Only when residents of Xijiang Miao Village participate in tourism development can they fully display the charm of local culture,effectively build reputations for local ethnic tourism and traditional village tourism and promote the preservation of local cultural heritage,and thereby enhance the popularity of local ethnic cultural heritage.Through the survey research on the tourism participation and heritage preservation behavior of the residents of Xijiang Miao Village,this paper further illustrates the relations between resident participation and cultural heritage preservation and reviews the problems faced by such village in tourism development with an objective to promote the tourism development and livelihood of ethnic minority villages and contribute academic strength to the exploration of ethnic minority village tourism in China.