文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：金华江流域生态服务补偿机制及其政策建议

英文题名：Ecological Compensation Mechanism and Policy Recommendations in Jinhua River Basin

作者：郑海霞[1];张陆彪[2];封志明[3]

第一作者：郑海霞

机构：[1]北京联合大学管理学院;[2]中国农业科学院国际合作局;[3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

第一机构：北京联合大学管理学院

年份：2006

卷号：28

期号：5

起止页码：30-35

中文期刊名：资源科学

外文期刊名：Resources Science

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2004】；CSSCI:【CSSCI2006_2007】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：英国国际环境与发展研究所项目"TransformingpaymentsforenvironmentalservicesinChina:Movingfromstatecontroltoequitablemarketmechanisms"

语种：中文

中文关键词：流域生态服务补偿;机制;政策;金华江

外文关键词：Payment for watersheds services ; Mechanism ; Policy ; Jinhua River

摘要：构建流域补偿与流域环境保护的互动关系对流域生态服务补偿市场机制的形成和流域保护具有关键性的作用。流域补偿的核心内容应该包括流域补偿的原则、对象、范围、标准、机制和立法等。在金华江流域生态服务补偿实地调查和研究的基础上,本文给出了中小流域生态服务补偿市场形成的4个条件和运行机制。金华江流域生态服务以“水权交易和异地开发”相结合的补偿模式,是市场与政府共同推动的结果。以市场推动为主的“水权交易”模式在一定能够程度上促进了流域补偿与保护的关系,而以政府推动为主的“异地开发”模式,流域补偿与保护的关系脱节。因此,认为市场在流域环境保护与补偿政策实施过程中起到了关键作用。在此基础上提出了“流域统一管理与协调,明晰水权和制定流域生态服务补偿标准与立法”等政策建议。
Establishment of eco-compensation mechanism plays an important role in the watershed environmental protection. The core contents of eco-compensation comprise 5 aspects： principles, target group, range, criteria, mechanism and legislation of ecological compensation. The ecological compensation should abide by the principles of beneficiaries-pay, polluters-pay and protectors- gain under the framework of equity, development and operability. The target and range of eco-compensation should clarify who will pay and who will get payments. The criteria of payment are important basis for eco-compensation. Based on payment criteria and mechanism, the regulations and laws should be worked out for regulating the implementation of ecological compensation. The Jinhua watershed is located in the middle part of Zhejiang Province in the subtropical monsoon climate area with an annual average temperature of 16.1 ℃. The area of arable land accounts for 12.06 % ; forestland 78.45 % ;construction and mining land 1.78 %. The mode of ecological compensation in Jinhua River basin features the combination of water use rights trading and development of industry zone in the downstream. At the same time, the mode of water use right trading is pushed by market under government instruction and its relation with watershed protection is closer than other modes. Therefore, markets play a key role in payment for watershed services. Based on the field survey and analysis in the Jinhua River basin, this article puts forward four terms and mechanism of compensation for watersheds services： 1 ） It must be an independent river between the upstream and downstream and the regions of water supply and receiving are relatively concentrated and close;2） Both the up streams and down streams are subordinated to the same administrative region, which is conductive to better coordination and management in the whole watershed and easy for financial transfer of payment ; 3） The water quality and watershed environment in the headwaters are good, and the cost of water supply of the same quality in the lower streams is much higher than that in the upstream or there is an extreme freshwater deficiency. The cost caused by the limitation of economic development is much higher than the payment for watershed services, and there is a greater demand for water quality and water quantity in the lower streams;4） The level of economic development in the lower streams is higher than that in the upstream with capacity to pay. The author also puts forward the policy suggestions on ecological compensation, which are： form unified management mechanism; clarify water use right; set up the criteria and enact ecological compensation law;establish resource taxation and price system;ensure watershed management information transparent and minimize trade-off costs.