文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：气质与眼动控制的关系

英文题名：The Relationship between Temperament and Eye Movement Control

作者：代小东[1,2];于红军[1,2];丁锦红[1]

第一作者：代小东

机构：[1]北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室,首都师范大学心理系,北京100037;[2]北京联合大学师范学院,北京100011

第一机构：北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室,首都师范大学心理系,北京100037

年份：2015

卷号：38

期号：3

起止页码：666-671

中文期刊名：心理科学

外文期刊名：Journal of Psychological Science

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；社科基金资助期刊;CSCD:【CSCD2015_2016】；CSSCI:【CSSCI2014_2016】；

基金：北京市教委科技计划重点项目(KZ201410028034)的资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：气质;眼跳;神经类型;转换代价;认知控制

外文关键词：temperament, saccade, neural type, switch cost, cognitive control

摘要：研究采用眼动追踪和问卷测量相结合的方法,对气质和眼动控制的关系进行了探讨。眼动实验为2(眼跳方向:朝向眼跳和反向眼跳)×2(任务类型:重复眼跳和转换眼跳)组内设计;气质类型分数用《气质类型测试量表》测量。结果表明,气质特征分数与眼动特性之间存在显著的相关性,不同气质类型(神经活动类型)在抑制过程和任务重置过程中表现出不同的相互作用模式。具体而言,神经活动强度是一个基本维度,它与认知控制的抑制功能和转换功能都有着密切联系;而神经活动的灵活性和平衡性则分别是转换功能和抑制功能的重要条件。
According to Pavlov, temperament is determined by strength of excitation and inhibition, balance and mobility of the central nervous system, which could be segregated into four types of choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic. All human behaviors are based on those types of the central nervous system including how to control our behavior. When we make an anti-saccade, for example, our visual system needs to suppress （inhibit） the pro-saccade and make saccade in the opposite direction. The anti-saccadic cost mainly embodies inhibition （Johannesson et al., 2013）, and the switch cost reflects the task reset （mobility） （Meiran, 1996; Rogers ＆ Monsell, 1995; Rubinstein et al., 2001; Schmitz ＆ Voss, 2012）. Both temperament and saccadic control result from some functions of the central nervous system, i.e., excitation, inhibition, balance and mobility. We assume that temperament is correlated with the saccadic control （cognitive control） in different patterns at different levels. To explore the relationship between the temperament and eye movement control, a combination of eye tracking and questionnaire survey were adopted, in which a 2 ~ 2 within-group design of saccadic eye movement experiment with the saccade direction （pro-saccade and anti-saccade） and task type （repeat and switch） and temperament test were conducted. Fifty undergraduate students participated in the experiment. Participants＇ eye movements were recorded by a SR Research EyeLink II eye tracker, followed by questionnaire test of their temperaments. Results showed that the choleric temperament scores significantly correlated with the saccadic latency under the condition of pro-switch, and anti-saccade cost under the condition of switch, and closely significantly correlated with the switch cost under the condition of pro-saccade （r = .255, p = .074）. Sanguine temperament scores significantly correlated with the saccadic latency under the condition of pro-switch and anti-switch, and significantly correlated with the switch cost under the condition of pro- and anti-saccade, and closely significantly correlated with the saccadic latency under the condition of pro-repeat （r = -.245,p = .086）. Melancholic temperament score significantly correlated with the saccadic latency under the condition of pro-switch and to switch cost under the condition of anti-saccade, and closely significantly correlated with the switch cost under the condition of pro saccade （r = .256,p = .073）. Lymphatic temperament score did not significantly correlate with all saccadic parameters. The results indicate that temperament is closely related to eye movement control, and this correlation is mediated by the cognitive control. Temperament is determined by different neural activities, and the relationship between the neural activity and the cognitive control function is complicated. The strength of neural activity is a fundamental aspect in all dimensions, it is related to inhibition and transformation functions of cognitive control whereas the mobility and balance of neural activity are important to transformation and inhibition functions.